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BatteryWe put the Samsung Galaxy A55 5G through our rigorous DXOMARK Display test suite to measure its performance across four criteria. In this test results, we will break down how it fared in a variety of tests and several common use cases.
Overview
Key display specifications:
- 6.6 inches AMOLED
- Dimensions: 161.1 x 77.4 x 8.2 mm (6.23 x 3.02 x 0.32 inches)
- Resolution: 1080 x 2340 pixels, (~396 ppi density)
- Aspect ratio: 19.5:9
- Refresh rate: 120 Hz
Scoring
Sub-scores and attributes included in the calculations of the global score.
Samsung Galaxy A55 5G
147
display
Position in Global Ranking
28th
28th
1. Google Pixel 9 Pro XL
158
1. Google Pixel 9 Pro
158
3. Honor Magic6 Pro
157
4. Google Pixel 9
156
5. Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra
155
6. Google Pixel 8 Pro
154
6. Samsung Galaxy Z Fold6
154
6. Samsung Galaxy S24+ (Exynos)
154
6. Samsung Galaxy S24 (Exynos)
154
10. Google Pixel 8
153
10. Vivo X100 Pro
153
12. Google Pixel 9 Pro Fold
152
13. Apple iPhone 15 Pro Max
151
13. Apple iPhone 15 Pro
151
13. Honor Magic V2
151
13. Honor Magic5 Pro
151
13. Honor 200 Pro
151
18. Apple iPhone 16 Pro Max
150
18. Apple iPhone 16 Pro
150
18. Samsung Galaxy Z Flip6
150
21. Honor Magic V3
149
21. Samsung Galaxy S23
149
23. Google Pixel 7 Pro
148
23. Huawei Pocket 2
148
23. Huawei Mate 60 Pro+
148
23. Huawei Mate 60 Pro
148
23. Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra
148
28. Honor 200
147
28. Samsung Galaxy S23+
147
28. Samsung Galaxy A55 5G
147
31. Apple iPhone 14 Pro Max
146
31. Apple iPhone 14 Pro
146
33. Google Pixel Fold
145
33. Google Pixel 8a
145
33. Samsung Galaxy S24 FE
145
33. Vivo X Fold3 Pro
145
37. Oppo Find X7 Ultra
144
37. Samsung Galaxy Z Flip5
144
39. Asus Zenfone 11 Ultra
143
39. Huawei P60 Pro
143
39. Samsung Galaxy A35 5G
143
39. Xiaomi 14T Pro
143
43. Apple iPhone 16
142
43. Apple iPhone 13 Pro Max
142
43. Oppo Find N2 Flip
142
43. Samsung Galaxy Z Fold5
142
43. Xiaomi 14T
142
48. Apple iPhone 13 Pro
141
49. Apple iPhone 15 Plus
140
49. Apple iPhone 15
140
49. Honor 90
140
49. Samsung Galaxy S23 FE
140
49. Xiaomi 14 Ultra
140
54. Apple iPhone 14 Plus
138
54. Apple iPhone 14
138
54. Honor Magic4 Ultimate
138
54. Oppo Find X6 Pro
138
58. OnePlus Open
137
58. Oppo Find X5 Pro
137
58. Vivo X Fold
137
58. Xiaomi 14
137
62. Google Pixel 7
136
62. Honor Magic Vs
136
62. Motorola Edge 50 Neo
136
65. Apple iPhone 13
135
65. Google Pixel 7a
135
65. Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra (Snapdragon)
135
65. Vivo X90 Pro+
135
65. Xiaomi Redmi Note 13 Pro Plus 5G
135
70. Huawei P50 Pro
134
70. Nothing Phone (2)
134
70. Samsung Galaxy S22+ (Exynos)
134
73. Huawei Mate 50 Pro
133
73. Samsung Galaxy Z Flip4
133
73. Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra (Exynos)
133
73. Samsung Galaxy S22 (Snapdragon)
133
73. Vivo X80 Pro (MediaTek)
133
78. Asus ROG Phone 7
132
78. Samsung Galaxy S22 (Exynos)
132
78. Vivo X90 Pro
132
78. Xiaomi Mix Fold 3
132
78. Xiaomi 13
132
83. Samsung Galaxy S21 Ultra 5G (Exynos)
131
83. Sony Xperia 5 IV
131
83. Vivo X80 Pro (Snapdragon)
131
83. Xiaomi 13 Pro
131
87. Apple iPhone 13 mini
130
87. Google Pixel 6 Pro
130
87. Honor Magic4 Pro
130
87. Oppo Find X5
130
87. Realme GT 2 Pro
130
87. Samsung Galaxy Z Fold4
130
87. Samsung Galaxy S21 Ultra 5G (Snapdragon)
130
87. Samsung Galaxy S21 FE 5G (Snapdragon)
130
87. Vivo X70 Pro+
130
87. Xiaomi 13 Ultra
130
87. Xiaomi 12T
130
98. Samsung Galaxy A54 5G
129
98. Xiaomi 13T Pro
129
98. Xiaomi 13T
129
101. Oppo Find N2
128
102. Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max
127
102. Asus ROG Phone 6
127
102. Sony Xperia 5 V
127
102. Xiaomi 12T Pro
127
106. Asus Zenfone 10
126
106. Oppo Find X6
126
106. Sony Xperia 1 IV
126
106. Vivo X60 Pro 5G (Snapdragon)
126
110. Google Pixel 6a
125
110. Google Pixel 6
125
110. Honor 70
125
110. Oppo Find X3 Pro
125
110. Xiaomi Mi 11 Ultra
125
110. Xiaomi Mi 11
125
110. Xiaomi 12S Ultra
125
117. Apple iPhone 12 Pro
124
117. Motorola Razr 50
124
117. OnePlus 11
124
117. OnePlus 10 Pro
124
117. OnePlus 9 Pro
124
117. Oppo Reno8 5G
124
123. Motorola Edge 30 Pro
123
123. Oppo Reno8 Pro 5G
123
123. Oppo Find X3 Neo
123
123. Xiaomi 12 Pro
123
127. Apple iPhone 11 Pro Max
122
127. Motorola Edge 40 Pro
122
127. Nothing Phone(1)
122
130. Apple iPhone 12
121
131. Apple iPhone SE (2022)
120
131. Realme GT 5G
120
133. Fairphone 5
119
133. Xiaomi 12
119
135. Asus Zenfone 8
115
135. Oppo Reno6 5G
115
137. Realme GT Neo 2 5G
114
137. Samsung Galaxy A52 5G
114
139. Motorola Razr 40 Ultra
113
139. Oppo Find X5 Lite
113
141. POCO F4 GT
111
142. Crosscall Stellar-X5
109
143. Samsung Galaxy A53 5G
108
144. Sony Xperia 10 V
105
145. Sony Xperia 10 IV
104
146. Xiaomi Mi 10 Ultra
103
147. Black Shark 5 Pro
100
148. Vivo X80 Lite 5G
99
149. Samsung Galaxy A22 5G
82
Position in High-End Ranking
2nd
2nd
1. Honor 200 Pro
151
2. Honor 200
147
2. Samsung Galaxy A55 5G
147
4. Google Pixel 8a
145
5. Honor 90
140
5. Samsung Galaxy S23 FE
140
7. Google Pixel 7
136
7. Motorola Edge 50 Neo
136
9. Google Pixel 7a
135
9. Xiaomi Redmi Note 13 Pro Plus 5G
135
11. Nothing Phone (2)
134
12. Xiaomi 12T
130
13. Samsung Galaxy A54 5G
129
14. Google Pixel 6a
125
14. Google Pixel 6
125
14. Honor 70
125
17. Oppo Reno8 5G
124
18. Nothing Phone(1)
122
19. Apple iPhone SE (2022)
120
19. Realme GT 5G
120
21. Oppo Reno6 5G
115
22. Realme GT Neo 2 5G
114
22. Samsung Galaxy A52 5G
114
24. Oppo Find X5 Lite
113
25. POCO F4 GT
111
26. Samsung Galaxy A53 5G
108
27. Sony Xperia 10 V
105
28. Sony Xperia 10 IV
104
29. Vivo X80 Lite 5G
99
Pros
- Natural rendering and good readability under sunlight for web browsing and photo viewing
- Good color rendering in most lighting environments for photo viewing
- Pleasant video experience, with brightness that is well-suited for HDR10 videos
Cons
- Poor management of unwanted screen touches
- Excessive automatic brightness in dark environments, even with the blue light filter on
- Occasional pink to green fringes on screen when viewing at an angle
The Samsung Galaxy A55 5G display provided an impressive performance for its High-end segment, with a strong performance in video.
When watching videos, particularly indoors, the A55 5G’s overall screen brightness provided good rendering and a good level of details in dark areas. However, there was an occasional slight orange cast visible when viewing videos and screen luminance in an indoor environment could have been slightly higher for HDR10 content.
The device’s screen measured a peak brightness under sunlight conditions of 1638 nits in High Brightness Mode, considerably higher than advertised, and well above its predecessor A54 5G’s 1344 nits. The peak brightness approached the peak level of Samsung’s premium Galaxy S23 model, which was measured at 1600 nits. In terms of reflectance and flicker, our testers saw little improvement from the predecessor’s already-weak showing.
Color rendering was uniform and good, and our testers saw improvements in how the A55 5G display managed sunlight conditions, particularly in gamma and color. Faces were better rendered, and colors appeared more natural.
The Galaxy A55 5G, like its predecessor as well as other mid-range devices, tended to show pink and green fringes on the display when viewed at an angle.
Test summary
About DXOMARK Display tests: For scoring and analysis, a device undergoes a series of objective and perceptual tests in controlled lab and real-life conditions. The DXOMARK Display score takes into account the overall user experience the screen provides, considering the hardware capacity and the software tuning. In testing, only factory-installed video and photo apps are used. More in-depth details about how DXOMARK tests displays are available in the article “A closer look at DXOMARK Display testing.”
The following section focuses on the key elements of our exhaustive tests and analyses performed in DXOMARK laboratories. Full reports with detailed performance evaluations are available upon request. To order a copy, please contact us.
Readability
145
Samsung Galaxy A55 5G
164
Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra
How Display Readability score is composed
Readability evaluates the user’s ease and comfort of viewing still content, such as photos or a web page, on the display under different lighting conditions. Our measurements run in the labs are completed by perceptual testing and analysis.
Luminance under various lighting conditions
This graph shows the screen luminance in environments that range from total darkness to outdoor conditions. In our labs, the indoor environment (250 lux to 830 lux) simulates the artificial and natural lighting conditions commonly seen in homes (with medium diffusion); the outdoor environment (from 20,000 lux) replicates a situation with highly diffused light.
Contrast under various lighting conditions
This graph shows the screen’s contrast levels in lighting environments that range from total darkness to outdoor conditions. In our labs, the indoor environment (250 lux to 830 lux) simulates the artificial and natural lighting conditions commonly seen in homes (with medium diffusion); the outdoor environment (from 20,000 lux) replicates a situation with highly diffused light.
Photo EOTF
The Electro-Optical Transfer Function (EOTF) defines how bits are converted into luminance out of the display. Gray levels (horizontal axis) represent the different shades from pure white (100% gray level) to pitch black (0% gray level). The standard for still images follows a 2.2 gamma. The flatter the curves, the harder it is to perceive differences between consecutive shades. This phenomenon is more frequent under intensive lighting conditions (20,000 lux) in the low gray level regions.
Photo EOTF
The Electro-Optical Transfer Function (EOTF) defines how bits are converted into luminance out of the display. Gray levels (horizontal axis) represent the different shades from pure white (100% gray level) to pitch black (0% gray level). The standard for still images follows a 2.2 gamma. The flatter the curves, the harder it is to perceive differences between consecutive shades. This phenomenon is more frequent under intensive lighting conditions (20,000 lux) in the low gray level regions.
Photo EOTF
The Electro-Optical Transfer Function (EOTF) defines how bits are converted into luminance out of the display. Gray levels (horizontal axis) represent the different shades from pure white (100% gray level) to pitch black (0% gray level). The standard for still images follows a 2.2 gamma. The flatter the curves, the harder it is to perceive differences between consecutive shades. This phenomenon is more frequent under intensive lighting conditions (20,000 lux) in the low gray level regions.
Luminance vs Viewing Angle
This graph presents how the luminance drops as viewing angles increase.
Readability in an outdoor (20 000 lux) environment
From left to right: Samsung Galaxy A55 5G, Samsung Galaxy A54 5G, Google Pixel 7a, Honor 90
(Photos for illustration only)
Readability in a sunlight (>90 000 lux) environment
From left to right: Samsung Galaxy A55 5G, Samsung Galaxy A54 5G, Google Pixel 7a, Honor 90
(Photos for illustration only)
Average Reflectance (SCI) Samsung Galaxy A55 5G
5.2 %
Low
Good
Bad
High
Samsung Galaxy A55 5G
Samsung Galaxy A54 5G
Google Pixel 7a
Honor 90
SCI stands for Specular Component Included, which measures both the diffuse reflection and the specular reflection. Reflection from a simple glass sheet is around 4%, while it reaches about 6% for a plastic sheet. Although smartphones’ first surface is made of glass, their total reflection (without coating) is usually around 5% due to multiple reflections created by the complex optical stack.
Average reflectance is computed based on the spectral reflectance in the visible spectrum range (see graph below) and human spectral sensitivity.
Average reflectance is computed based on the spectral reflectance in the visible spectrum range (see graph below) and human spectral sensitivity.
Reflectance (SCI)
Wavelength (horizontal axis) defines light color, but also our capacity to see it; for example, UV is a very low wavelength that the human eye cannot see; Infrared is a high wavelength that the human eye also cannot see). White light is composed of all wavelengths between 400 nm and 700 nm, i.e. the range the human eye can see. Measurements above show the reflection of the devices within the visible spectrum range (400 nm to 700 nm).
Uniformity
This graph shows the distribution of luminance throughout the entire display panel. Uniformity is measured with a 20% gray pattern, with bright green indicating ideal luminance. An evenly spread-out bright green color on the screen indicates that the display’s brightness is uniform. Other colors indicate a loss of uniformity.
PWM Frequency Samsung Galaxy A55 5G
240 Hz
Bad
Good
Bad
Great
Samsung Galaxy A55 5G
Samsung Galaxy A54 5G
Google Pixel 7a
Honor 90
Displays flicker for 2 main reasons: refresh rate and Pulse Width Modulation. Pulse width modulation is a modulation technique that generates variable-width pulses to represent the amplitude of an analog input signal. This measurement is important for comfort because flickering at low frequencies can be perceived by some individuals, and in the most extreme cases, can induce seizures. Some experiments show that discomfort can appear at a higher frequency. A high PWM frequency (>1500 Hz) tends to be less disturbing for users.
Temporal Light Modulation
This graph represents the frequencies of lighting variation; the highest peak gives the most important modulation. The combination of a low frequency and a high peak is susceptible to inducing eye fatigue.
Color
144
Samsung Galaxy A55 5G
165
Google Pixel 8
How Display Color score is composed
Color evaluations are performed in different lighting conditions to see how well the device manages color with the surrounding environment. Devices are tested with sRGB and Display-P3 image patterns. Both faithful mode and default mode are used for our evaluation. Our measurements run in the labs are completed by perceptual testing & analysis.
White point color under D65 illuminant at 830 lux
This graph shows the white point coordinates for the image pattern using the default or the faithful mode. D65 illuminant (6500 Kelvin) is a standard that defines the color of white at midday; it is used for display calibration as a white reference, therefore devices are expected to be at or close to the D65 white point.
Color fidelity
Each arrow represents the color difference between a target color pattern (base of the arrow) and its actual measurement (tip of the arrow). The longer the arrow, the more visible the color difference is. If the arrow stays within the circle, the color difference will be visible only to trained eyes. The tested color mode is the most faithful proposed by each device, and a color correction is applied to account for the different white points of each device.
Circadian Action Factor Samsung Galaxy A55 5G
0.54
Good
Good
Bad
Bad
Samsung Galaxy A55 5G
Samsung Galaxy A54 5G
Google Pixel 7a
Honor 90
The circadian action factor is a metric that defines how light impacts the human sleep cycle. It is the ratio of the light energy contributing to sleep disturbances (centered around 450 nm, representing blue light) over the light energy contributing to our perception (covering 400 nm to 700 nm and centered on 550 nm, which is green light). A high circadian action factor means that the ambient light contains strong blue-light energy and is likely to affect the body’s sleep cycle, while a low circadian action factor implies the light has weak blue-light energy and is less likely to affect sleeping patterns.
Spectrum of white emission with Night mode ON
Spectrum measurements of a white web page with BLF mode on and off. This graph shows the impact of blue light filtering on the whole spectrum. All other settings used are default, in particular, the luminance level follows the auto-brightness adaptation from the manufacturer.
The wavelength (horizontal axis) defines light color but also the capacity to see it. For example, UV, which has a very low wavelength, and infra-red, which has a high wavelength, are both not visible to the human eye. White light is composed of all wavelengths between 400 nm and 700 nm, which is the range visible to the human eye.
The wavelength (horizontal axis) defines light color but also the capacity to see it. For example, UV, which has a very low wavelength, and infra-red, which has a high wavelength, are both not visible to the human eye. White light is composed of all wavelengths between 400 nm and 700 nm, which is the range visible to the human eye.
Spectrum of white emission with Night mode OFF
Spectrum measurements of a white web page with BLF mode on and off. This graph shows the impact of blue light filtering on the whole spectrum. All other settings used are default, in particular, the luminance level follows the auto-brightness adaptation from the manufacturer.
The wavelength (horizontal axis) defines light color but also the capacity to see it. For example, UV, which has a very low wavelength, and infra-red, which has a high wavelength, are both not visible to the human eye. White light is composed of all wavelengths between 400 nm and 700 nm, which is the range visible to the human eye.
The wavelength (horizontal axis) defines light color but also the capacity to see it. For example, UV, which has a very low wavelength, and infra-red, which has a high wavelength, are both not visible to the human eye. White light is composed of all wavelengths between 400 nm and 700 nm, which is the range visible to the human eye.
Video
157
Samsung Galaxy A55 5G
165
Samsung Galaxy Z Fold6
How Display Video score is composed
The video attribute evaluates the Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) and High Dynamic Range (HDR10) video handling in indoor and low-light conditions . Our measurements run in the labs are completed by perceptual testing and analysis.
Video peak luminance vs Lighting conditions
This bar chart presents the peak luminance measured for SDR and HDR10 content on a 10% window white pattern.
Video peak luminance vs Lighting conditions
This bar chart presents the peak luminance measured for SDR and HDR10 content on a 10% window white pattern.
Video rendering in a low-light (0 lux) environment
Clockwise from top left: Samsung Galaxy A55 5G, Samsung Galaxy A54 5G, Google Pixel 7a, Honor 90
(Photos for illustration only)
Clockwise from top left: Samsung Galaxy A55 5G, Samsung Galaxy A54 5G, Google Pixel 7a, Honor 90
(Photos for illustration only)
SDR video EOTF curve
These curves represent the SDR video tone distribution for white color.
The Electro-Optical Transfer Function (EOTF) defines how bits are converted into luminance out of the display. Gray levels (horizontal axis) represent the different shades from pure white (100% gray level) to pitch black (0% gray level). The standard for SDR videos follows a 2.2 gamma. The flatter the curves, the harder it is to perceive differences between consecutive shades. This phenomenon is more frequent under bright lighting conditions (830 lux) in the low gray levels region (< 30%).
The Electro-Optical Transfer Function (EOTF) defines how bits are converted into luminance out of the display. Gray levels (horizontal axis) represent the different shades from pure white (100% gray level) to pitch black (0% gray level). The standard for SDR videos follows a 2.2 gamma. The flatter the curves, the harder it is to perceive differences between consecutive shades. This phenomenon is more frequent under bright lighting conditions (830 lux) in the low gray levels region (< 30%).
SDR video EOTF curve
These curves represent the SDR video tone distribution for white color.
The Electro-Optical Transfer Function (EOTF) defines how bits are converted into luminance out of the display. Gray levels (horizontal axis) represent the different shades from pure white (100% gray level) to pitch black (0% gray level). The standard for SDR videos follows a 2.2 gamma. The flatter the curves, the harder it is to perceive differences between consecutive shades. This phenomenon is more frequent under bright lighting conditions (830 lux) in the low gray levels region (< 30%).
The Electro-Optical Transfer Function (EOTF) defines how bits are converted into luminance out of the display. Gray levels (horizontal axis) represent the different shades from pure white (100% gray level) to pitch black (0% gray level). The standard for SDR videos follows a 2.2 gamma. The flatter the curves, the harder it is to perceive differences between consecutive shades. This phenomenon is more frequent under bright lighting conditions (830 lux) in the low gray levels region (< 30%).
HDR10 video EOTF curve
These curves represent the HDR10 video tone distribution for white color.
The Electro-Optical Transfer Function (EOTF) defines how bits are converted into luminance out of the display. Gray levels (horizontal axis) represent the different shades from pure white (100% gray level) to pitch black (0% gray level). While the PQ (Perceptual Quantizer) standard is reminded here for reference, it cannot be a target for smartphones as it is an absolute standard whereas smartphones adapt their brightness to lighting conditions. The flatter the curves, the harder it is to perceive differences between consecutive shades. This phenomenon is more frequent under bright lighting conditions (830 lux) in the low gray levels region (< 30%).
The Electro-Optical Transfer Function (EOTF) defines how bits are converted into luminance out of the display. Gray levels (horizontal axis) represent the different shades from pure white (100% gray level) to pitch black (0% gray level). While the PQ (Perceptual Quantizer) standard is reminded here for reference, it cannot be a target for smartphones as it is an absolute standard whereas smartphones adapt their brightness to lighting conditions. The flatter the curves, the harder it is to perceive differences between consecutive shades. This phenomenon is more frequent under bright lighting conditions (830 lux) in the low gray levels region (< 30%).
HDR10 video EOTF curve
These curves represent the HDR10 video tone distribution for white color.
The Electro-Optical Transfer Function (EOTF) defines how bits are converted into luminance out of the display. Gray levels (horizontal axis) represent the different shades from pure white (100% gray level) to pitch black (0% gray level). While the PQ (Perceptual Quantizer) standard is reminded here for reference, it cannot be a target for smartphones as it is an absolute standard whereas smartphones adapt their brightness to lighting conditions. The flatter the curves, the harder it is to perceive differences between consecutive shades. This phenomenon is more frequent under bright lighting conditions (830 lux) in the low gray levels region (< 30%).
The Electro-Optical Transfer Function (EOTF) defines how bits are converted into luminance out of the display. Gray levels (horizontal axis) represent the different shades from pure white (100% gray level) to pitch black (0% gray level). While the PQ (Perceptual Quantizer) standard is reminded here for reference, it cannot be a target for smartphones as it is an absolute standard whereas smartphones adapt their brightness to lighting conditions. The flatter the curves, the harder it is to perceive differences between consecutive shades. This phenomenon is more frequent under bright lighting conditions (830 lux) in the low gray levels region (< 30%).
Gamut coverage for video content under 0 lux environment
The primary colors are measured both in HDR10 and SDR. The solid color gamut measures the extent of the color area that the device can render in total darkness. The dotted line represents the content’s artistic intent. The measured gamut should match the master color space of each video.
Gamut coverage for video content under 830 lux environment
The primary colors are measured both in HDR10 and SDR. The solid color gamut measures the extent of the color area that the device can render in total darkness. The dotted line represents the content’s artistic intent. The measured gamut should match the master color space of each video.
SDR Video Frame Drops FHD at 30 fps
0.3 %
Few
Good
Bad
Many
Samsung Galaxy A55 5G
Samsung Galaxy A54 5G
Google Pixel 7a
Honor 90
HDR Video Frame Drops UHD at 30 fps
0.3 %
Few
Good
Bad
Many
Samsung Galaxy A55 5G
Samsung Galaxy A54 5G
Google Pixel 7a
Honor 90
These gauges present the percentage of frame irregularities in a 30-second video. These irregularities are not necessarily perceived by users (unless they are all located at the same time stamp) but are an indicator of performance.
Touch
138
Samsung Galaxy A55 5G
164
Google Pixel 7 Pro
How Display Touch score is composed
We evaluate the touch attributes under many types of contents where touch is key, and requires different behaviors such as gaming (quick touch to response time), web (smooth scrolling of the page) and images (accurate and smooth navigation from one image to another).
Average Touch Response Time Samsung Galaxy A55 5G
73 ms
Fast
Good
Bad
Slow
Samsung Galaxy A55 5G
Samsung Galaxy A54 5G
Google Pixel 7a
Honor 90
Touch To Display response time
This response time test precisely evaluates the time elapsed between a single touch of the robot on the screen and the displayed action. This test is applied to activities that require high reactivity, such as gaming.